Next-generation sequencing (short-read, long-read, ultra-long-read)

Determination of the base sequence considering short and long sequences is carried out using next-generation sequencing (NGS), wich DNA or RNA fragments of different lengths are read with from the sample. Short sequences provide high-precision mapping of genetic information quickly and with high throughput, while long sequences help to better detect complex genomes and structures. The long-reading technology we use allows us to sequence larger molecules and improve the quality of sequence creation.

Metagenome sequencing makes it possible to determine the entire genetic stock of a complex microbial community based on samples taken from the environment. With the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS), we can perform a complete analysis of the genomes of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, allowing the study of ecological and evolutionary processes or changes in the metabolism of certain organisms over time. The metagenomic approach is key to microbiome research and environmental monitoring.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a method that analyzes entire genomic DNA and provides a detailed picture of all genes, regulators, and genetic variability. With the help of next-generation sequencing, we can sequence the entire genome with high throughput and accuracy, reading all the nucleotides. This technique is fundamental for mapping genetic differences and mutations between individuals.

Using 16S rRNA, ITS and shotgun sequencing techniques, we can identify the composition of microbial communities. The 16S rRNA and ITS sequences can be used in a targeted manner to identify bacteria and fungi at the species level, while shotgun sequencing identifies the genome of the entire microbiome. The determination of microbial composition is important in applications and certifications related to diseases, food safety and environmental research.

When studying the activity of genes, exome and transcriptome sequencing can be used to measure gene expression and mutations. Exome sequencing targets only all coding regions, while transcriptomic sequencing focuses on sequencing mRNAs, allowing the study of gene expression levels and alternative splicing events. These techniques are key to describing functional genomic processes.

Amplicon sequencing is a targeted sequencing method in which the desired gene regions are enlarged by PCR amplification and then sequenced. The method allows for the detailed examination of low prevalence or difficult-to-detect variations, mutations, or microbial communities. Amplicon sequencing is a fast and cost-effective way to answer specific genomic questions.

Bioinformatics analyzes the data generated by next-generation sequencing to provide reliable and reproducible results from raw sequence data that can be traced back to biological interpretation. During the analysis, quality control, sequence aggregation, and variant detection are performed with the help of an algorithm applied by bioinformatics software. Bioinformatics methods ensure the interpretation and applicability of genomic data.